IN HIS NAME
BY NIKKHOO
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1 Old English Literature 600 AD – 1066
2 Medieval Period 1066--1450/1485/1500
3 The Renaissance 1450/1485/1500--1660
4 The NeoClassical Period1660 – 1798
• Restoration
• Augustan
• Age of sensibility
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1 Old English Literature 600 AD – 1066
Romans Romans
Celts Anglo-Saxons Celts went to Ireland, Scotland, Cornwall, and Wales
Angles
Saxons
Jutes
Celts — Romans — Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxons started 7 empires called the Heptarchy:
Sussex , Wessex , Essex , Kent, Mercia, East Anglia, Northumbria
Beowulf
Lyrics /Elegies
Deor’s lament (First elegy)
Wulf and Eadwacer
The wife’s lament
The Husband’s Message
The Ruin
The Seafearer
The Wanderer
Bede
Cadmon
Cynwulf
King Alfred
1. Translated “Concerning the Consolation of Philosophy” of Boethias.
2. Historia Universalias
3. The Battle of Malden – (Danish Attack)
Aelfric
2 Medieval Period 1066--1450/1485/1500
The western drama began in Greece.
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes (comedian)
Tragedians
Rome: Palautus and Terence , Seneca
Comedians Tragedian
Layamon
William Langland
Geoffrey of Monmouth
Geoffrey Chaucer
King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Greene Knight
Ballads
Mystery, Miracle and Morality plays--------------Everyman
Sir Thomas Malory
Roman Church
5th cent 15th cent
1066
Medieval literature
Geoffrey Chaucer 1343 – 1400
French –Italian – English periods
Troilus & Criseide 1385
Canturbury Tales-- (24/7 tales)-- (1387- 1400) --Harry Baily – the Tabard Inn owner
Le Roman de la Rose
The Book of Duchess
The House of Fame
The Parliament of Fowls --The Legend of Good Women
3 The Renaissance 1450/1485/1500--1660
1492- Discovery of America.
EUROPE
Wool Sugar etc
etc
AFRICA CARRIBEAN COUNTRIES
(New World) Slaves
10 millions slaves were transferred to America in 340 years.They worked free on plantations
1456= Invention of the printing machine.
1531= Henry VIII broke with Pope
1570= Martin Luther broke with Pope
1588= Spanish Armada
In 1543 the polish astronomer Copernicus proved that earth went around the sun.
Western Rome Empire 27BC-476 in Rome
Rome
Easter Roman Empire 395-1453 in Constantinople (Istanbul)
Sir Thomas Wyatt: 1503-1542
(introduced sonnet)
Henry Howard (Surrey): 1517-47:
introduced blank verse
Aeneid-- trans.
Sir Walter Ralegh (1552- 1618)
tobacco
The History of the World 1614
A Discovery of the Empire of Guyana
Michael Drayton 1563-1631
Idea’s Mirror --- a sonnet sequence
There is no Help
Endimion & Phoebe
Piers Gaveston
The Shepherds Calender
Samuel Daniel 1562- 1619
Delia -- a sonnet cycle
A Defense of Rhyme
Edmund Spencer: 1552- 1599
A melodramatic poet. a great non-dramatic poet. archaism.
Spenserian stanza.
Amoretti--(Epithalamion)
Faerie Queene: in 6 books
Colin Clouts Come Home Again-- 1595: a pastoral
Four Hymns
Epithalamion
Shepherds Calendar -- a pastoral in 12 books (12 months)
Prothalamion
Daphnaida
A View of the Present State of Ireland
Sir Philip Sidney: 1554- 1586
Apology for Poetry 1595
Arcadia: a pastoral (prose)
Astrophel & Stella -- 108 sonnets
Sir Thomas More: 1478- 1535
was a Humanist like Erasmus.
A Man for all Season by Bolt
In Latin: Utopia 1515-16 in 2 books
In English: The Apology of Sir Thomas More – Supplication of Richard III – A Dialogue of Comfort- The Life of John Picus.
Christopher Marlowe
1. Tamburlane the Great (تیمور لنگ) = Lust for power.
2. The Jew of Malta = Lust for Money
3. Doctor Faustus = Lust for knowledge
4. Edward II = first chronicle play in English literature
William Shakespeare
A Mid-Summers Night’s Dream
Henry V
Romeo and Juliet.
Julius Caesar
The Taming of the Shrew, which is a farce.
Henry IV
All’s Well That Ends Well.
Much Ado About Nothing..
Coriolanus
Troilus and Cressida.
Anthony and Cleopatra
Timon of Athens
Cymbeline
The Two Gentleman of Verona.
Comedy of Errors.
The Tragedy of Titus Andronicus
The Merchant of Venice.
King Lear:
Othello:
Macbeth:
Hamlet:
The Tempest:
In the 17th century there were three important poetry schools
1- Metaphysical (Donne). 2- Cavelier (Ben Jonson). 3- Spencerian (Milton).
Cavaliers: Suckling—Thomas Carew—Richard Lovelace—Robert Herrick
Robert Greene
James Shirley
Important prose writers of the Renaissance:
Raphael Holinshed
Sir Thomas Brown
Robert Burton
Francis Bacon
John Bunyan (The Pilgrim’s Progress)
Thomas North
John Lyly
John Lyly: 1554 – 1606
Euphues (a novel)
Endimion-- Campaspe – comedies
Mother Bombie – Midas
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Idols of tribe, idols of cave, idols of market-place, idols of theatre - inductive
Averroist : double truth ( 1. reason 2.revelation )
Knowledge is power
1) The New Atlantis
2) The Advancement of Learning
3) The History of Henry VII
4) Novum Organum
5) Maxims of the Law
6) Essays
Izaak Walton 1593-1683
The Complete Angler
Lives (1640-78)
Samuel Butler 1612-80
Hudibras
Elephant in the Moon
Sir Thomas Browne 1605-82
Religio Medici
The Garden of Cyrus
Vulgar Errors
Urn Burial
Ben Jonson: (1572-1637)
He wrote 20 plays. father of criticism. poet [maker].
first Classicist. unity of action. first poet laureate.
((It nourishes & instructs our youth )). wrote 2 tragedies & 5 comedies. true founder of epigram. Sons of Ben
I wish he (Shakespeare) had “blotted a 1000[lines]”
Donne “for not keeping of accent, deserved hanging”
Horace’s Ars Poetica --Trans.
The Sad Shepherd, or A Tale of Robinhood : a pastoral
Timber or Discoveries: an anthology
Bartholomew Fair
To Penshurst -- To Chairs – To Himself
A Tale of a Tub: a comedy
Sejanus: his Fall
Eastward Hoe (collaborated with Marston & Chapman )
The Poetaster
Everyman in his Humor –a comedy
Everyman in out of his Humor–a comedy
Cynthia’s Revels
Volpone
Epicoene,or,The Silent Woman
The Alchemist
The Devil is an Ass
The Staple of News
The New Inne
George Chapman (1554- 1634):
stoic
Bussy D’Ambois
The Revenge of Bussy D’Ambois
Eastarard Hoe: ( with Marston & Jonson )
Homer (heroic poem)
Odessey
Ovid’s Banquet of Sense
Homer’s trans.
John Marston:
Antonio’s Revenge – Antonio & Mallida -
The Malcontent
Cyril Tourner : 1575- 1626.
The Revenger’s Tragedy
The Atheist Tragedy
Thomas Middleton: 1570- 1627.
A Trick to Catch the Old One
The Mad World – Michaelmes Terme –
The Roaring Girl – A Chaste Maid in Cheapside –
The Spanish Gipsy (a tragi-comedy)
John Ford :( 1586- 1639)
The Broken Heart
Tis Pity She’s a Whore
Thomas Heywood:
A Woman Killed with Kindness
The English Traveler
Thomas Kyd: 1558- 94: The Spanish Tragedy
George Peele: (1556-96)
The Old Wive’s Tale – The Arraignment of Paris
Thomas Dekker 1570 – 1632 :
Golden slumbers kiss your eyes
The Shoemaker’s Holiday –The Honest Whore – Old Fortunatus
Robert Greene : Friar Bacon & Friar Bungay
Nicholas Udall : Ralph Roister Doister
William Stevenson : Grammer Gorton’s Needle
Francis Beaumont & John Fletcher:
A King, No King
The Maid’s Tragedy
Thomas Norton & Thomas Sackville
Gorboduc or Ferrex & Porrex : first tragedy in 1561
John Webster: 1580- 1625
The White Devil – The Duchess of Malfi
Philip Massinger 1583- 1640:
A New Way to Pay Old Debts – The City Madman- The Maid of Honour – The Fatal Dowry
Sir William Davenant: 1606- 1668:
Love & Honor
Metaphysical Poets --- religious or secular
John Donne
Andrew Marvell
George Herbert
Richard Crashaw
Henry Vaughn
Traherne
Abraham Cowley
Commonwealth Period = Civil War = Puritan
1500 1649 1660
John Milton: 1608 -1674
On The Morning of Christ’s Nativity
L’Allegro
Il Penseroso
Arcades (a masque)
The Doctrine & Discipline of Divorce – Of Education
Of Reformation – Areopagitica- Image Breaker
Paradise Lost
Paradise Regained
Samson Agonistes
Lycidas
Comus, a Mask
John Bunyan
Pilgrim’s progress
4 The NeoClassical Period1660 – 1798
• Restoration
• Augustan
• Age of sensibility
Renaissance Augustan Romanticism
1550 1660 1700 1745 1798 1832
Restoration Age of sensibility
The Restoration
John Dryden 1631-1700
First great critic, the beginning of modern prose.
Alexander’s Feast
Song for Saint Cecilia’s Day
Conquest of Granada
Aureng-zebe
Don Sebastian
Astraea Redux
The Hind & the Panther
An Essay of Dramatic Poesy – Absalom & Achitophel – All for Love – The Model – Annus Mirabilis (The Year of Wonders) – To Anne Killigrew –Religio Laici
Marriage a-la-Mode
Mac Flecknoe
Fables: Ancient & Modern
George Etherege : 1634- 91
comedy of manners
Love in a Tub – She Would If She Could –
The Man of Mode – The Comical Revenge
William Congreve 1670- 1729:
The Way of the World-- The Old Bachelor –
The Double Dealer – Love for Love
William Wycherley: 1640-1716.
founder of the Restoration comedy
The Country Wife – The Plain Dealer –
Love in a Wood
The Gentleman Dancing-Master
Jeremy Collier 1650-1726:
A Short View of the Immorality & Profaneness of the English Stage
Thomas Shadwell (1642- 92): The Sullen Lovers-- Bury Fair
Sir John Vanbrugh (1667 -1726):
The Relaxed – The Provoked Wife – The Confederacy
Colley Cibber: 1671- 1757. Loves Last Shift
George Farquhar
Samuel Pepys
Commonwealth
or puritan period Augustan Romantic
1649 1660 1700 1745 1798 1832
Restoration Age of sensibility Victorian
1900-1901 1945
Modern
NOVEISTS
Daniel Defoe
Henry Fielding
Samuel Richardson
Tobias Smolett
Lawrence Stern
PHILOSOPHERS
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Izaak Newton
Dr. Samuel Johnson 1704-84
Vanity of Human Wishes – Rasselas
London– Life of Johnson (by Boswell) – Preface to Shakespeare – Lives of the English Poets—A Dictionary of the English Language--
The Idler- The Rambler
The Club (Burke – Goldsmith – Sir John Hawkins)
Edward Gibbon 1737- 1794:
The History of the Decline & Fall of the Roman Empire (98-1453)
Richard Steele 1772-96: sentimentalism
Funeral – The Lying Lover – The Tender Husband – The Conscious Lover
The Tatler
Joseph Addison 1672-1719: The Spectator
John Gay 1685-1737:
Beggar’s Opera – Fables – The Wife of Bath-- Three Hours After Marriage --Trivias, or The Art of Walking the Streets
Alexander Pope: 1688-1744
Essay on Man – Essay on Criticism
Eloisa to Abelard -- The Rape of The Locke – Windsor Forest – Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot – The Dunciad – Moral Essays
Trans. of Iliad & Odessey
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
A Tale of a Tub – A Modest Proposal –
Gulliver’s Travels
A Meditation upon a Broom-stick
The Battle of Books-- Journal to Stella –
Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift
Richard Brinsley Sheridan: 1751- 1816
The Rivals: (Mr. Malaprop)
The School for Scandal
The Critic
AGE OF SENSIBILITY
James Thomson 1700- 1748:
The Seasons – The Castle of Indolence –Hymn on Solitude – Rule Britannia – Tragedy of Sophonisba
Thomas Wharton 1728-1790:
The Pleasure of Melancholy
History of English Poetry
Ode on the Approach of Summer
William Collins: 1720 – 59:
Persian Eclogues / Oriental Eclogues.
Ode to Evening, Ode to Liberty, Ode to Simplicity,
Odes on Several Descriptive & Allegorical Subjects
Thomas Gray 1716-71:
Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College
Ode on Favorite Cat
An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
The Bard
The Progress of Poesy
Pindaric Odes
Edward Young 1683-1765:
The Complaint or Night Thoughts on Life, Death & Immortality
Love of Fame
William Cowper 1731-1800:
The Task
Robert Burns 1754-1796:
To a Mouse
A Red Red Rose
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