NIKKHOO`S M.A. CLASSES FOR ENGLISH LITERATURE,

NIKKHOO`S M.A. CLASSES FOR ENGLISH LITERATURE, BEGINNING IN LATE-ABAN, ENDING IN MID-KHORDAD. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT ME AT irannikkhoo@yahoo.com OR VISIT ME IN PERSON.

M.A. Sources for English Literature Entrance Exam

M.A. Sources for English Literature Entrance Exam (Recommended by Dr. Nikkhoo (
1. Main Sources
1 The Norton Anthology of English Literature (in 2 vols) Any Edition
2 The Norton Anthology of American Literature (in 2 vols) Any Edition
3 The Norton Anthology of Poetry Any Edition
4 The Oxford (Concise) Companion to English Literature(only for reference purpose) Margaret Drabble
5 A Glossary of Literary Terms M.H. Abrams
6 Literature Structure: Sound and Sense (in 3 vols) Laurence Perrine
7 Routledge History of Literature in English Carter and McRae
8 A Short History of Literary Criticism Vernon Hall
9 A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature Guerin, et al
10 Literary Theory: The Basics Hans Bertens
11 An Outline of English Literature Thornley
12 An Outline of American Literature Peter B High
13
14 فرهنگ اصطلاحات نقد ادبی
A Survey of English Literature (in 2 vols, in English) دکتر مقدادی
Abjadian
2. Criticism and Theory
1 Literary Criticism Bressler
2 Literary Schools: A Reader Yeganeh
3 Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader David Lodge
4 The Theatre of the Absurd Martin Esslin
5 Novel and Novelists Harold Bloom
6 Drama and Dramatists Harold Bloom
7 The Modern Psychological Novel Leon Edel
8 An Introduction to English Novel Arnold Kettle
9 The Modern American Novel Malcolm Bradbury
10 The McGraw Hill Guide to English Literature, 2 vols Lawrence
11 Aspects of the Novel Edward Forster
12 Poetics Aristotle
13 Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms Chris Bladick
14 The Growth and Nature of Drama Clarke
15 Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide Lois Tyson
16 A Readers Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory Raman Selden
17 Literary Theory and Criticism Chris Baldick
18 Studying Literary Theory and Criticism Roger Webster
19 Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism Any Edition
20 درآمدی بر مدرنیسم در ادبیات دکتر نجومیان
21 درآمدی بر پست مدرنیسم در ادبیات دکتر نجومیان
22 سرچشمه پیدایش کمدی دکتر کوپال
23 ادبیات جهان در 50 مقاله دکتر منیری
3. Novels
1 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man James Joyce
2 Wuthering Heights Emily Brontë
3 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen
4 Great Expectations Charles Dickens
5 The Sound and the Fury William Faulkner
6 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald
7 Tess of the D’Urbervilles Thomas Hardy
8 Jude the Obscure Thomas Hardy
9 Brave New World Aldous Huxley
10 Lady Chatterley’s Lover D. H. Lawrence
11 The Catcher in the Rye J. D. Salinger
13 Gulliver’s Travels Jonathan Swift
14 Mrs Dalloway Virginia Woolf
15 To the Lighthouse Virginia Woolf
16 A Passage to India Edward Forster
17 The French Lieutenant’s Woman John Fowles
18 The Golden Notebook Doris Lessing
19 The Turn of the Screw Henry James
20 1984 George Orwell
21 The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia Samuel Johnson
22 Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe
23 Lord of the Flies William Golding
24 Herzog – Saul Bellow-(سپندی بر آتش ) دکتر فرشید Bellow
25 Huckleberry Finn Mark Twin
4. Drama/Plays
1 The Homecoming Harold Pinter
2 The Room Harold Pinter
3 Everyman Anonymous
4 Los Vendidos Luis Valdez
5 Trifles Susan Glaspell
6 Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller
7 The Cherry Orchard Anton Chekov
8 A Doll’s House Henrik Ibsen
9 Waiting for Godot Samuel Beckett
10 Saint Joan G. B. Shaw
11 Oedipus the King Sophocles
12 Jumpers Tom Stoppard
13 The Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde
14 Miss Julie August Strindberg
15 The Hairy Ape- Long Days Journey into The Night Eugene O’Neil
16 Mourning Becomes Electra Eugene O’Neil
17 Look Back in Anger John Osborne
18 She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith
19 Doctor Faustus C. Marlowe
20 The Glass Menagerie TennesseeWilliams
21 A Streetcar Named Desire TennesseeWilliams
22 Hamlet Shakespeare
23 King Lear Shakespeare
24 Macbeth Shakespeare
25 Othello Shakespeare
26 Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare
27 Buried Child Sam Shepard
5. Novellas and Short Stories
1 A Hunger Artist – The country Doctor Franz Kafka
2 The Metamorphosis Franz Kafka
3 Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad
4 A Rose for Emily- The Barn Burning William Faulkner
5 Young Goodman Brown N. Hawthorne
6 My Kinsman, Major Molineux N. Hawthorne
7 Seize the Day Saul Bellow
8 The Open Boat Stephen Crane
9 A Clean Well-Lighted Place- The Short happy Life of Francis Macamber Ernest Hemingway
10 Hills Like White Elephant The Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway
11 The Beast in the Jungle- The Red Thing Henry James
12 The Rocking-Horse Winner D. H. Lawrence
13 Everyday Use Alice Walker
14 Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck
15 The Cask of Amontillado- The Fall of The House of Usher Edgar Allen Poe
16 Bartleby the Scrivener Herman Melville
17 Araby; The Dead James Joyce
18 The Oxford Book of Short Stories Pritchett
19 The Guest Albert Camus
20 Civil Peace Chinua Achebe
21 Great American Short Stories Stegner
22 Rip Von Winkle Washington Irving
23 Benito Cereno Herman Melville
24 Classic American Short Stories
25 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County Mark Twin
26 The Secret Sharer Joseph Conrad
6. Poetry/Poems
1 “The Chimney Sweeper’’ William Blake
2 “The Tyger’’ William Blake
3 “London’’ William Blake
4 “My Last Duchess’’ Robert Browning
5 “Dover Beach’’ Matthew Arnold
6 “Musée des Beaux Arts’’ – The Shield of Achilles W. H. Auden
7 “She Walks in Beauty’’ Lord Byron
8 “Don Juan’’ Lord Byron
9 “The Canterbury Tales’’ Geoffrey Chaucer
10 “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’’ S. T. Coleridge
11 “Kubla Khan’’ S. T. Coleridge
12 “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning’’ John Donne
13 “Since there’s no help, come, let us kiss and part’’ Michael Drayton
14 “Absalom and Achitophel’’ John Dryden
15 “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’’ T. S. Eliot
16 “Journey of the Magi’’ “The Waste Land’’ T. S. Eliot
17 The Hollow men T. S. Eliot
18 “Design’’- The Road not Taken Robert Frost
19 “Mending Wall’’- Stopping By woods on a Snowy Evening Robert Frost
20 “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard’’ Thomas Gray
21 “Neutral Tones’’ “Hap’’ Thomas Hardy
22 Miniver Cheevy E.A. Robinson
23 Richard Cory E.A. Robinson
24 “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time’’ Robert Herrick
25 “Pied Beauty’’ “Spring and Fall’’ G. M. Hopkins
26 “To an Athlete Dying Young’’ Houseman
27 “The Vanity of Human Wishes’’ Samuel Johnson
28 “La Bell Dame Sans Merci’’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn’’- Bright Star John Keats
29 “The Emperor” – “Ice Cream” Wallace Stevens
30 “Piers Plowman’’ William Langland
31 “Ars Poetica’’- You Andrew Marvell Archibald Macleish
32 “To His Coy Mistress’’ Andrew Marvell
33 “Paradise Lost’ “Lycidas’’ John Milton
34 “Mont Blanc” Shelly
35 “Dulce et Decorum Est’’ Wilfred Owen
36 “Daddy’’- “Metaphor” Sylvia Plath
37 “Mirror’’ Sylvia Plath
38 “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd’’ Sir Walter Raleigh
39 “Annabel Lee’’ Edgar Allen Poe
40 “The Raven’’ Edgar Allen Poe
41 “An Essay on Man’’-“The Rape of the Locke’’ Alexander Pope
42 “The Cantos Ezra Pound
43 Sonnets: 18, 55, 73, 75, 116, 130,71, 138 Shakespeare
44 “Ode to the West Wind’’ Percy Shelley
45 “Ozymandias’’ Percy Shelley
46 “The Faerie Queene’’ Edmund Spenser
47 “Anecdote of the Jar’’ Wallace Stevens
48 “The Lady of Shalott’’“Ulysses’’-“Crossing The bar” Tennyson
49 “The Lotos-Eaters’’ “Tears, Idle Tears’’ Tennyson
50 “Snake” D.H Lawrence
51 “Howl” Allen Ginsberg
52 “Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night’’ Dylan Thomas
53 “Fern Hill’’ Dylan Thomas
54 “Song of Myself’’ Walt Whitman
55 “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d’’ Walt Whitman
56 “She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways’’-“ The Solitary Reaper” Wordsworth
57 “The Tables Turned’’-“ Intimations of Immorality” Wordsworth
58 “The World Is Too Much with Us’’- I wandered Lonely as a Cloud” Wordsworth
59 “Leda and the Swan’’ “The Second Coming’’ W. B. Yeats
60 “Sailing to Byzantium’’-“Byzantium” W. B. Yeats
61 “What if a much of a which in a wind” E.E. Cummings
62 “Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town” E.E. Cummings
7. Essays, etc.
1 “A Modest Proposal’’ Jonathan Swift
2 “Civil Disobedience’’ H. D. Thoreau
3 “Nature’’ R. W. Emerson
4 “Self-Reliance’’ R. W. Emerson
5 “Tradition and the Individual Talent’’ T. S. Eliot
6 “Preface to the Lyrical Ballads’’ Wordsworth
7 “The Preface to Shakespeare’’ Samuel Johnson
8 “The Quintessence of Ibsenism” G.B Shaw
9 “Of Studies” Francis Bacon
10 “On the Knocking At the Gate in Macbeth” De Quincey

8. Vocabulary
1 Webster Vocabulary Builder
2
3 Word-power Made Easy;
Word-Formation
http://irannikkhoo.persianblog.ir/
http://irannikkhoo2.blogspot.com/
www.nikkhooliterature.ir

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The Routledge History of Literature in English, 2nd edition.pdf

Dr. Johnson's Rasselas

ULYSSES

OXFORD COMPANION TO ENGLISH LITERATURE

The consice of Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms

The History of Literary Criticism

A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th Ed (1999)

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Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman

Literary Movement for student

Death Of a Salesman Cliff Note

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Death Of A salesman

IMPORTANT excuses

DEAR STUDENTS
Each term I have about 400 students and 50-100 of them ( sometimes in private) come to me and ask for leniency--azam nomre mikhan-- BUT I CAN'T AND WON'T,because we evaluate ur knowledge not ur problems! be logical and accept the result of ur knowledge!!
Here is the list of ur problems:
1. "ostad man moshkel dashtam natunestam bekhunam"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! very bad excuse and TEKRARI !!
2."ostad man bishtar mishodam , shoma be man kam dadid"!!probably I am crazy!
3.I'm getting married! :-)
4. I am getting divorced!! :-(
5. My father , mother ,cousin ,neighbor,...was ill.
6. I work!
7. I have a child or I am pregnant.
8. I am married.
9. I am divorced or getting divorced!!
10. I don't have a spouse!! :-( :-)
11. I can't study!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
12.My cousin, uncle,father, aunt.... returned from Turkey,Haj,Dubai... and we all went to the airport or couch terminal and spent the night there!
13. I have/had an appointment with my dentist.
14."mikham faghat lisans begiram beram kharej". lisanse bedune study!!!
15."reshtamo dust nadaram"!!! zanam, bacham,shoharam,karam ...ro doost nadaram" . bahane baraye farar az responsibility!
16.hamro balad budam vali sare emtehan ghati kardam!!!!!!!!!!funny
17.''shoma jamuno avaz kardid harchi khunde budim yademun raft''


IT'S A BIG LIST PLZ HELP ME COMPLETE IT at IRANNIKKHOO@YAHOO.COM
NOBODY SAYS I AM LAZY AND RARELY STUDY!!!!!!!!!!
GOD BLESS U ALL
BUT MOST OF U STUDY AND I LIKE U AND RESPECT U!

Everyday Use by Alice Walker

Everyday Use by Alice Walker



I will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yesterday afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house.
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l(a by e.e.cummings

l(a l(a le af fa ll s) one l iness --e.e.cummings

Archibald MacLeish "Ars Poetica" (1926)

Ars Poetica
By Archibald MacLeish (1892-1982)

A poem should be palpable and mute1
Like a globed2 fruit,
Dumb
As old medallions3 to the thumb,
Silent as the sleeve-worn stone
Of casement ledges where the moss has grown4—
A poem should be wordless
Like a flight of birds.5............................ 8
A poem should be motionless in time
As the moon climbs,6
Leaving, as the moon releases
Twig by twig the night-entangled trees,
Leaving, as the moon behind the winter leaves,
Memory by memory the mind—
A poem should be motionless in time
As the moon climbs.7............................ 16
A poem should be equal to:
Not true.8
For all the history of grief
An empty doorway and a maple leaf.9
For love
The leaning grasses and the two lights above the sea—10
A poem should not mean
But be........................................../...... 24
Notes
Line 1—as well as lines 3, 5, and 7—focus on inarticulation: A poem should be . . . mute . . . dumb . . . silent . . . wordless. Here. MacLeish seems to be saying that a poem should not crassly announce what it is about. Rather, like the smell of spices wafting from a restaurant, it should merely suggest.
Use of globed rather than round enhances euphony while also suggesting largeness. Perhaps the object is a melon or grapefruit
Medallions are large medals. The adjective old suggests that the medallions have stories behind them—about war or athletic accomplishments, for example.
One can imagine here a man or woman from a time past propping sleeved arms or elbows on a ledge while he or she looks out the window on a scene of interest. If the stone ledge could speak, what tale would it tell about the observer and the observed?
The "wordless birds" can only suggest what occupies them by the direction of their flight or, in the case of vultures, their circular motion.
If a poem has universality and timelessness, it can move from one moment to the next, or from one age to another, while its relevance remains fixed ("motionless"). Thus, like the moon traveling across the sky, a good poem seems to stand still at any given moment—as if it were meant for that moment. Its content remains fresh and alive to each reader down through the years, down through the centuries.
Lines 15 and 16 repeat lines 9 and 10, creating a frame for the imagery in lines 11-14.
A poem is not a newspaper account, an essay, or a historical document. It is a work of the imagination; it discovers truth by presenting impressions and interpretations, not hard facts.
A poem can concentrate an entire story into an image. Here, the empty doorway suggests the absence of a person who once stood in it—a mother, for example, as she greets a son or daughter. But now the mother is gone, and the gloom of autumn (suggested by the fallen leaf) has replaced the bright cheer of summer.
Here is one interpretation: After death separated two lovers, the cemetery grass grew tall and now leans against a tombstone. Like the two lights in the sky, the sun and the moon, the two lovers will remain forever apart.

"Ars Poetica" (Latin for "The Art of Poetry") is a lyric poem of twenty-four lines. It describes the qualities a poem should have if it is to stand as a work of art. MacLeish wrote it in 1925 and published it in 1926.

Theme

The central theme of "Ars Poetica" is that a poem should captivate the reader with the same allure of a masterly painting or sculpture—that is, it should be so stunning in the subtlety and grace of its imagery that it should not have to explain itself or convey an obvious meaning. Oddly, though, in writing that a poem "should not mean / But be," Archibald MacLeish conveys naked meaning, namely: Here is how you should write a poem. In other words, in "Ars Poetica," we are privileged to behold the strange phenomenon of didacticism in the guise of ars gratia artis. Nevertheless, "Ars Poetica" is a wonderful poem that speaks with the quiet eloquence of Rodin's Thinker and da Vinci's Mona Lisa.

Figures of Speech

Following are examples of figures of speech in the poem:

Simile: Lines 1-8 use like or as to compare a poem to a globed fruit, old medallions, the stone of casement ledges, and a flight of birds.
Alliteration: Line 5 repeats the s sound. (Silent as the sleeve-worn stone.)
Paradox: Lines 9-16 suggest that a poem should be motionless, like a climbing moon. Obviously, climbing indicates motion. However, the figure of speech is apt: A climbing moon appears motionless when it is observed at any given moment.
Metaphor: Lines 9-16 compare the "motionless" poem by implication to universality, the property of a literary work that makes it relevant for people of all ages and cultures. (See "Structure and Content" for further comment.
Metaphor: Line 12 compares night to an object that can snare or capture.
Repetend (Anaphora): The phrase a poem should be occurs five times in the poem.

Literature Websites

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/gen_lit.html